Even in financial markets, the concept of market efficiency does not hold. Paul Ormerod More Quotes by Paul Ormerod More Quotes From Paul Ormerod We need to abandon the economist's notion of the economy as a machine, with its attendant concept of equilibrium. A more helpful way of thinking about the economy is to imagine it as a living organism. Paul Ormerod machines needs thinking The linear, mechanistic view of the world which pervades orthodox economics is simply not capable of capturing the richness and complexity of the rhythms and fluctuations of developed economies. Paul Ormerod economics views world I am often asked by would-be entrepreneurs seeking escape from life within huge corporate structures, ‘How do I build a small firm for myself?’ The answer seems obvious: Buy a very large one and just wait. Paul Ormerod entrepreneur would-be waiting In most Western economies, the general relationship is not in fact between the rate of inflation and the level of unemployment, but between the rate of change of inflation and the rate of change of unemployment. Paul Ormerod unemployment levels facts Books proliferate, and occasionally sell in very large numbers, which claim to have found the rule, or small set of rules, which will guarantee business success. But business is far too complicated, far too difficult an activity to distil into a few simple commands ... It is failure rather than success which is the distinguishing feature of corporate life. Paul Ormerod simple numbers book Many Europeans, while admiring the strength and power of the American economy, undoubtedly feel that the system of social values which prevails in the United States, manifested in the acute problems evident in the inner cities and the level of violent crime, for example, leaves much to be desired. Paul Ormerod social-values united-states cities Keynes tried to show that market economies could settle in equilibrium states in which the labour market did not clear, and in which the level of unemployment was high. He believed that this was due to a particular example of market failure, developed in his concept of effective demand. Paul Ormerod unemployment levels example Once the true relationship between inflation and unemployment is understood, with luck and skill, a free lunch is possible. Paul Ormerod lunch luck skills By any reasonable criteria, the discipline of economics as a whole, in its present state, is sadly lacking. Paul Ormerod criteria economics discipline Baseball players or cricketers do not need to be able to solve explicitly the non-linear differential equations which govern the flight of the ball. They just catch it. Paul Ormerod player baseball needs The reader might reflect that an awful lot of supposing has to take place in order for the quantity theory of money to be true. Paul Ormerod supposing-that might order The behavior of the economy as a whole, at the aggregate, macro-level, is built up from the individual equations at the micro-level. Paul Ormerod economy levels behavior The model of competitive equilibrium which has been discussed so far is set in a timeless environment. People and companies all operate in a world in which there is no future and hence no uncertainty. Paul Ormerod environment people world The temptation to use mathematics is irresistible for economists. It appears to convey the appropriate air of scientific authority and precision to economists' musings. Paul Ormerod use temptation air At 2 per cent growth a year, an economy doubles in size in just thirty years. Paul Ormerod size growth years The obstacles facing academic economists are formidable, for tenure and professional advancement still depend to a large extent on a willingness to comply with and to work within the tenets of orthodox theory. Paul Ormerod advancement obstacles academic The second part of the New Right's policy package has been the belief that free-market solutions are always best. It is this latter view which is profoundly mistaken. Markets and profits are crucial, but the pure free-market model itself is deeply flawed. Paul Ormerod profit belief views But Adam Smith was a philosopher as well as well as an economist, famous in his time as much for his Theory of Moral Sentiments as for The Wealth of Nations. And as he understood so well, society is more than the sum of its individual parts. Paul Ormerod philosopher wealth moral Despite the high salaries involved, employing economists is a cost-effective way for banks, and stockbrokers to secure exposure in the media. Paul Ormerod salary cost media
