Quotes by Self People who underestimate their capabilities also bear costs, although, as already noted, these are more likely to take self-limiting rather than aversive forms. By failing to cultivate personal potentialities and constricting their activities, such persons cut themselves off from many rewarding experiences. Should they attempt tasks having evaluative significance, they create internal obstacles to effective performance by approaching them with unnerving self-doubts Albert Bandura cutting self people Perceived self-efficacy in coping with potential threats leads people to approach such situations anxiously, and experience of disruptive arousal may further lower their sense of efficacy that they will be able to perform skillfully Albert Bandura arousal self people It is no more informative to speak of self-efficacy in global terms than to speak of nonspecific social behavior Albert Bandura social-behavior speak self Perceived self-efficacy and beliefs about the locus of outcome causality must be distinguished Albert Bandura causality outcomes self Self-efficacy beliefs differ from outcome expectations, judgments of the likely consequence [that] behavior will produce. Albert Bandura outcomes self expectations Self-percepts foster actions that generate information, as well as serve as a filtering mechanism for self-referent information in the self-maintaining process Albert Bandura maintaining information self Measures of self-precept must be tailored to the domain of psychological functioning being explored. Albert Bandura domain psychological self Self-efficacy is the belief in one's capabilities to organize and execute the sources of action required to manage prospective situations. Albert Bandura belief self action In any given instance, behavior can be predicted best by considering both self-efficacy and outcome beliefs . . . different patterns of self-efficacy and outcome beliefs are likely to produce different psychological effects Albert Bandura patterns different self Self-appraisals of efficacy are reasonably accurate, but they diverge from action because people do not know fully what they will have to do, lack information for regulating their effort, or are hindered by external factors from doing what they can Albert Bandura effort self people Incongruities between self-efficacy and action may stem from misperceptions of task demands, as well as from faulty self-knowledge Albert Bandura tasks self may Behavior must also be adequately assessed under appropriate circumstances. Ill-defined global measures of perceived self-efficacy or defective assessments of performance will yield discordances. Disparities will also arise when efficacy is judged for performances in actual situations but performance is measured in simulated situations that are easier to deal with than the actualities Albert Bandura assessment yield self For many activities, people cannot rely solely on themselves in evaluating their ability level because such judgments require inferences from probabilistic indicants of talent about which they may have limited knowledge. Self-appraisals are, therefore, partly based on the opinions of others who presumably possess evaluative competence Albert Bandura levels self people [Attributional] factors serve as conveyors of efficacy information that influence performance largely through their intervening effects on self-percepts of efficacy Albert Bandura information influence self Perceived self-efficacy influences the types of causal attributions people make for their performances Albert Bandura influence self people Such self-referent misgivings creates stress and undermine effective use of the competencies people possess by diverting attention from how best to proceed to concern over personal failings and possible mishaps Albert Bandura stress self people Expected outcomes contribute to motivation independently of self-efficacy beliefs when outcomes are not completely controlled by quality of performance. This occurs when extraneous factors also affect outcomes, or outcomes are socially tied to a minimum level of performance so that some variations in quality of performance above and below the standard do not produce differential outcomes Albert Bandura quality motivation self Perceived self-inefficacy predicts avoidance of academic activities whereas anxiety does not Albert Bandura anxiety self doe People infer high self-efficacy from successes achieved through minimal effort on difficult tasks, but they infer low self-efficacy if they had to work hard under favorable conditions to master relatively easy tasks Albert Bandura hard-work self people Stringent standards of self-evaluation [can] make otherwise objective successes seem to be personal failures Albert Bandura evaluation standards self «1112131415161718192021»
