People who live in poor countries have to be entrepreneurial even just to survive. Ha-Joon Chang More Quotes by Ha-Joon Chang More Quotes From Ha-Joon Chang Making rich people richer doesn't make the rest of us richer. Ha-Joon Chang rich wealth people Once you realize that trickle-down economics does not work, you will see the excessive tax cuts for the rick as what they are -- a simple upward redistribution of income, rather than a way to make all of us richer, as we were told. Ha-Joon Chang cutting simple doe As South Korea shows, active participation in international trade does not require free trade. Indeed, had South Korea pursued free trade and not promoted infant industries, it would not have become a major trading nation. It would still be exporting raw materials (e.g., tungsten ore, fish, seaweed) or low-technology, low-price products (e.g., textiles, garments, wigs made with human hair) that used to be its main export items in the 1960s. Ha-Joon Chang korea technology hair Equality of opportunity is not enough. Unless we create an environment where everyone is guaranteed some minimum capabilities through some guarantee of minimum income, education, and healthcare, we cannot say that we have fair competition. When some people have to run a 100 metre race with sandbags on their legs, the fact that no one is allowed to have a head start does not make the race fair. Equality of opportunity is absolutely necessary but not sufficient in building a genuinely fair and efficient society. Ha-Joon Chang race opportunity running The best way to boost the economy is to redistribute wealth downward, as poorer people tend to spend a higher proportion of their income. Ha-Joon Chang income people way There are different ways to organise capitalism. Free-market capitalism is only one of them-and not a very good one at that. Ha-Joon Chang very-good different way Rich countries have 'kicked away the ladder' by forcing free-market, free-trade policies on poor countries. Already established countries do not want more competitors emerging through the nationalistic policies they themselves successfully used in the past. Ha-Joon Chang rich-countries country past The history of capitalism has been so totally re-written that many people in the rich world do not perceive the historical double standards involved in recommending free trade and free market to developing countries. Ha-Joon Chang historical country people 95% of Economics is common sense deliberately made complicated. Ha-Joon Chang economics common-sense complicated Rational thinking is an important aspect of human nature, but we have imagination, we have ambition, we have irrational fear, we are swayed by other people, we get indoctrinated and we get influenced by advertising. Ha-Joon Chang ambition people thinking The danger is not only that these austerity measures are killing the European economies but also that they threaten the very legitimacy of European democracies - not just directly by threatening the livelihoods of so many people and pushing the economy into a downward spiral, but also indirectly by undermining the legitimacy of the political system through this backdoor rewriting of the social contract. Ha-Joon Chang democracy political people [Good managers] know that people have 'good' sides and 'bad' sides and that the secret of good management is in magnifying the former and toning down the latter. Ha-Joon Chang good-man secret people If we are really serious about preventing another crisis like the 2008 meltdown we should simply ban complex financial instruments, unless they can be unambiguously shown to benefit society in the long run. This is what we do all the time with other products-drugs, cars, electrical products and many others. Ha-Joon Chang business running long The Korean economic miracle was the result of a clever and pragmatic mixture of market incentives and state direction. Ha-Joon Chang incentives miracle clever 95 percent of economics is common sense made complicated, and even for the remaining 5 percent, the essential reasoning, if not all the technical details, can be explained in plain terms. Ha-Joon Chang common-sense details essentials The widely accepted assertion that, only if you let markets be will everyone be paid correctly and thus fairly, according to his worth, is a myth. Only when we part with this myth and grasp the political nature of the market and the collective nature of individual productivity will we be able to build a more just society in which historical legacies and collective actions, and not just individual talents and efforts, are properly taken into account in deciding how to reward people. Ha-Joon Chang effort taken people A well-designed welfare state can actually encourage people to take chances with their jobs and be more, not less, open to changes. Ha-Joon Chang chance jobs people Gore Vidal, the American writer, once described the American economic system as 'free enterprise for the poor and socialism for the rich'. Macroeconomic policy on the global scale is a bit like that. It is Keynesianism for the rich countries and monetarism for the poor. Ha-Joon Chang rich-countries socialism country People 'over-produce' pollution because they are not paying for the costs of dealing with it. Ha-Joon Chang environmental-pollution cost people Democracy is acceptable to neo-liberals only in so far as it does not contradict the free market. Ha-Joon Chang free-market democracy doe
