The performances of others are often selected as standards for self-improvement of abilities Albert Bandura More Quotes by Albert Bandura More Quotes From Albert Bandura To the extent that children with similar characteristics achieve comparable performance levels, using the performances of similar peers is likely to yield more accurate self-appraisal than using the accomplishments of dissimilar peers Albert Bandura yield self children [Children] receive direct instruction from time to time about the appropriateness of various social comparisons Albert Bandura instruction social children Indeed there are many competent people who are plagued by a sense of inefficacy, and many less competent ones who remain unperturbed by impending threats because they are self-assured of their coping capabilities Albert Bandura coping self people People regulate their level and distribution of effort in accordance with the effects they expect their actions to have. As a result, their behavior is better predicted from their beliefs than from the actual consequences of their actions Albert Bandura effort levels people Comparative appraisals of efficacy require not only evaluation of one;s own performances but also knowledge of how others do, cognizance of nonability determinants of their performances, and some understanding that it is others, like oneself, who provide the most informative social criterion for comparison Albert Bandura evaluation understanding social In the self-appraisal of efficacy, there are many sources of information that must be processed and weighed through self-referent thought Albert Bandura information source self Discrepancies between self-efficacy judgment and performance will arise when either the tasks or the circumstances under which they are performed are ambiguous Albert Bandura discrepancies-between tasks self People who are insecure about themselves will avoid social comparisons that are potentially threatening to their self-esteem Albert Bandura insecure self-esteem people Among the types of thoughts that affect action, none is more central or pervasive than people's judgments of their capabilities to deal effectively with different realities Albert Bandura different reality people Students judge how well they might do in a chemistry course from knowing how peers, who performed comparably to them in physics, fared in chemistry Albert Bandura peers knowing judging People who underestimate their capabilities also bear costs, although, as already noted, these are more likely to take self-limiting rather than aversive forms. By failing to cultivate personal potentialities and constricting their activities, such persons cut themselves off from many rewarding experiences. Should they attempt tasks having evaluative significance, they create internal obstacles to effective performance by approaching them with unnerving self-doubts Albert Bandura cutting self people Agemates provide the most informative points of reference for comparative efficacy appraisal and verification. Children are, therefore, especially sensitive to their relative standing among the peers with whom they affiliate in activities that determine prestige and popularity Albert Bandura peers prestige children People who hold a low view of themselves [will credit] their achievements to external factors, rather than to their own capabilities. Albert Bandura achievement views people Perceived self-efficacy in coping with potential threats leads people to approach such situations anxiously, and experience of disruptive arousal may further lower their sense of efficacy that they will be able to perform skillfully Albert Bandura arousal self people Forceful actions arising from erroneous beliefs often create social effects that confirm the misbeliefs Albert Bandura social belief action Reasonably accurate appraisal of one's own capabilities is, therefore, of considerable value in successful functioning. Large misjudgments of personal efficacy in either direction have consequences. People who grossly overestimate their capabilities undertake activities that are clearly beyond their reach. As a result, they get themselves into considerable difficulties, undermine their credibility, and suffer needless failures. Some of the missteps, of course, can produce serious, irreparable harm Albert Bandura irreparable-harm successful people Dualistic doctrines that regard mind and body as separate entities do not provide much enlightenment on the nature of the disembodied mental state or on how an immaterial mind and bodily events act on each other Albert Bandura enlightenment events mind It is no more informative to speak of self-efficacy in global terms than to speak of nonspecific social behavior Albert Bandura social-behavior speak self Perceived self-efficacy and beliefs about the locus of outcome causality must be distinguished Albert Bandura causality outcomes self Self-efficacy beliefs differ from outcome expectations, judgments of the likely consequence [that] behavior will produce. Albert Bandura outcomes self expectations
