What's next? Shall we appoint elephants to teach zoology? Roman Jakobson More Quotes by Roman Jakobson More Quotes From Roman Jakobson Languages differ essentially in what they must convey and not in what they may convey. Roman Jakobson languagemay The function of poetry is to point out that the sign is not identical to the referent. Roman Jakobson functionpoetryart In poetic language, in which the sign as such takes on an autonomous value, this sound symbolism becomes an actual factor and creates a sort of accompaniment to the signified. Roman Jakobson languagesymbolismsound When I speak it is in order to be heard. Roman Jakobson speakheardorder A linguist deaf to the poetic functions of language and a literary scholar indifferent to linguistics are equally flagrant anachronisms. Roman Jakobson poeticdeaflanguage The poetic function is the set towards the message itself, focus on the message for its own sake which by promoting the palpability of signs, deepens the fundamental dichotomy of signs and objects. Roman Jakobson focuspoetryart Semantics, or the study of meaning, remained undeveloped, while phonetics made rapid progress and even came to occupy the central place in the scientific study of language. Roman Jakobson progresslanguagestudy Remember that the pharynx is at a crossroads from which leads off, at the top, the passage to the mouth cavity and the passage to the nasal cavity, and below, the passage to the larynx. Roman Jakobson crossroadsmouthsremember Acoustic phonetics, which is developing and increasing in richness very rapidly, already enables us to solve many of the mysteries of sound, mysteries which motor phonetics could not even begin to solve. Roman Jakobson acousticsmysterysound Linguistic sounds, considered as external, physical phenomena have two aspects, the motor and the acoustic. Roman Jakobson acousticssoundtwo The search for the symbolic value of phonemes, each taken as a whole, runs the risk of giving rise to ambiguous and trivial interpretations because phonemes are complex entities, bundles of different distinctive features. Roman Jakobson takenrunninggiving Speech sounds cannot be understood, delimited, classified and explained except in the light of the tasks which they perform in language. Roman Jakobson taskslightsound Bilingualism is for me the fundamental problem of linguistics. Roman Jakobson bilingualismlanguagefundamentals A new era in the physiological investigation of linguistic sounds was opened up by X-ray photography. Roman Jakobson erasraysphotography At first acoustics attributed to the different sounds only a limited number of characteristic features. Roman Jakobson differentsoundnumbers Every linguistic sign is located on two axes: the axis of simultaneity and that of succession. Roman Jakobson successionaxestwo Now the identification of individual sounds by phonetic observation is an artificial way of proceeding. Roman Jakobson individualsoundway It is once again the vexing problem of identity within variety; without a solution to this disturbing problem there can be no system, no classification. Roman Jakobson classificationproblemidentity For example, the opposition between acute and grave phonemes has the capacity to suggest an image of bright and dark, of pointed and rounded, of thin and thick, of light and heavy, etc. Roman Jakobson imageoppositionlightdark The task is to investigate speech sounds in relation to the meanings with which they are invested, i.e., sounds viewed as signifiers, and above all to throw light on the structure of the relation between sounds and meaning. Roman Jakobson meaningstructurespeechlight
